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Instruction Set Summary (Logical Operations)
ANL
(dest-byte),(src-byte)
Function:
Logical-AND for byte variables
Description:
ANL performs the bitwise logical-AND operation between the variables
indicated and stores the results in the destination variable. No
flags are affected.
The
two operands allow six addressing mode combinations. When the
destination is the Accumulator, the source can use register,
direct, register-indirect, or immediate addressing; when the
destination is a direct address, the source can be the Accumulator
or immediate data.
Note:
When this instruction is used to modify an output port, the value
used as the original port data will be read from the output data
latch, not the input pins.
Example:
If the Accumulator holds 0C3H (1100001lB), and register 0 holds 55H
(01010101B), then the following instruction,
ANL A,R0
leaves
41H (01000001B) in the Accumulator.
When
the destination is a directly addressed byte, this instruction clears
combinations of bits in any RAM location or hardware register. The
mask byte determining the pattern of bits to be cleared would
either be a constant contained in the instruction or a value
computed in the Accumulator at run-time. The following
instruction,
ANL P1,#01110011B
clears
bits 7, 3, and 2 of output port 1.
ANL A,Rn
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ANL
(A)
← (A) ∧ (Rn)
ANL A,direct
Bytes:
2
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ANL
(A)
← (A) ∧ (direct)
ANL
A,@Ri
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ANL
(A)
← (A) ∧ ((Ri))
ANL
A,#data
Bytes:
2
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ANL
(A)
← (A) ∧ #data
ANL
direct,A
Bytes:
2
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ANL
(direct)
← (direct) ∧ (A)
ANL
direct,#data
Bytes:
3
Cycles:
2
Operation:
ANL
(direct)
← (direct) ∧ #data
ORL
(dest-byte) (src-byte)
Function:
Logical-OR for byte variables
Description:
ORL performs the bitwise logical-OR operation between the
indicated variables, storing the results in the destination byte.
No flags are affected.
The
two operands allow six addressing mode combinations. When the
destination is the Accumulator, the source can use register,
direct, register-indirect, or immediate addressing; when the
destination is a direct address, the source can be the Accumulator
or immediate data.
Note:
When this instruction is used to modify an output port, the value
used as the original port data is read from the output data latch,
not the input pins.
Example:
If the Accumulator holds 0C3H (11000011B) and R0 holds 55H
(01010101B) then the following instruction,
ORL A,R0
leaves
the Accumulator holding the value 0D7H (1101011lB).When the
destination is a directly addressed byte, the instruction can set
combinations of bits in any RAM location or hardware register. The
pattern of bits to be set is determined by a mask byte, which may
be either a constant data value in the instruction or a variable
computed in the Accumulator at run-time. The instruction,
ORL P1,#00110010B
sets
bits 5, 4, and 1 of output Port 1.
ORL
A,Rn
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ORL
(A)
← (A) ∨ (Rn)
ORL
A,direct
Bytes:
2
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ORL
(A)
← (A) ∨ (direct)
ORL
A,@Ri
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ORL
(A)
← (A) ∨((Ri))
ORL
A,#data
Bytes:
2
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ORL
(A)
← (A) ∨ #data
ORL
direct,A
Bytes:
2
Cycles:
1
Operation:
ORL
(direct)
← (direct) ∨ (A)
ORL
direct,#data
Bytes:
3
Cycles:
2
Operation:
ORL
(direct)
← (direct) ∨ #data
XRL
(dest-byte),(src-byte)
Function: Logical Exclusive-OR for byte variables
Description:
XRL performs the bitwise logical Exclusive-OR operation between
the indicated variables, storing the results in the destination.
No flags are affected.
The
two operands allow six addressing mode combinations. When the
destination is the Accumulator, the source can use register,
direct, register-indirect, or immediate addressing; when the
destination is a direct address, the source can be the Accumulator
or immediate data.
Note:
When this instruction is used to modify an output port, the value
used as the original port data is read from the output data latch,
not the input pins.
Example:
If the Accumulator holds 0C3H (1100001lB) and register 0 holds
0AAH (10101010B) then the instruction,
XRL A,R0
leaves
the Accumulator holding the value 69H (01101001B).
When
the destination is a directly addressed byte, this instruction can
complement combinations of bits in any RAM location or hardware
register. The pattern of bits to be complemented is then
determined by a mask byte, either a constant contained in the
instruction or a variable computed in the Accumulator at run-time.
The following instruction,
XRL P1,#00110001B
complements
bits 5, 4, and 0 of output Port 1.
XRL
A,Rn
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
XRL
(A)
← (A) V (Rn)
CLR A
Function:
Clear Accumulator
Description:
CLR A clears the Accumulator (all bits set to 0). No flags are
affected
Example:
The Accumulator contains 5CH (01011100B). The following
instruction,CLR Aleaves the Accumulator set to 00H (00000000B).
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
CLR
(A)
← 0
CPL A
Function:
Complement Accumulator
Description:
CPLA logically complements each bit of the Accumulator (one’s
complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to a
0 and vice-versa. No flags are affected.
Example:
The Accumulator contains 5CH (01011100B). The following
instruction,
CPL A
leaves
the Accumulator set to 0A3H (10100011B).
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
RL A
Function:
Rotate Accumulator Left
Description:
The eight bits in the Accumulator are rotated one bit to the left.
Bit 7 is rotated into the bit 0 position. No flags are affected.
Example:
The Accumulator holds the value 0C5H (11000101B). The following
instruction,
RL A
leaves
the Accumulator holding the value 8BH (10001011B) with the carry
unaffected.
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
RL
(An
+ 1) ← (An ) n = 0 - 6
(A0
) ← (A7 )
RLC A
Function:
Rotate Accumulator Left through the Carry flag
Description:
The eight bits in the Accumulator and the carry flag are together
rotated one bit to the left. Bit 7 moves into the carry flag; the
original state of the carry flag moves into the bit 0 position. No
other flags are affected.
Example:
The Accumulator holds the value 0C5H(11000101B), and the carry
is zero. The following instruction,
RLC A
leaves
the Accumulator holding the value 8BH (10001010B) with the carry set.
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
RLC
(An
+ 1) ← (An) n = 0 - 6
(A0
) ← (C)
(C)
← (A 7)
RR A
Function:
Rotate Accumulator Right
Description:
The eight bits in the Accumulator are rotated one bit to the
right. Bit 0 is rotated into the bit 7 position. No flags are
affected.
Example:
The Accumulator holds the value 0C5H (11000101B). The following
instruction,
RR A
leaves
the Accumulator holding the value 0E2H (11100010B) with the carry
unaffected.
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
RR
(An
) ← (An + 1) n = 0 - 6
(A
7 ) ← (A 0 )
RRC A
Function:
Rotate Accumulator Right through Carry flag
Description:
The eight bits in the Accumulator and the carry flag are
together rotated one bit to the right. Bit 0 moves into the carry
flag; the original value of the carry flag moves into the bit 7
position. No other flags are affected.
Example:
The Accumulator holds the value 0C5H (11000101B), the carry is zero.
The following instruction,
RRC A
leaves
the Accumulator holding the value 62 (01100010B) with the carry set.
Bytes:
1
Cycles:
1
Operation:
RRC
(An
) ← (An + 1) n = 0 - 6
(A7
) ← (C)
(C)
← (A0 )
Good day Maam!
ReplyDeleteI just wanted to ask. Why do we need to clear the combinations of bits in any hardware register ? Thank you in advance.
Hi Darlyn! I assume what you're asking is about the uses of the CLR(clear) instruction right? We use clear for certain reasons: For example, you want to move a value to the accumulator, before you do so, you may consider clearing the accumulator first just to make sure that the accumulator is empty before you add a value to it. If your circuit uses latches for example, clear is very useful. For instance, you have two 7 segment display, and one of them has a latch. to be able to display a value to the first 7-segment while manipulating the display of the second segment (i.e countup/countdown program), you need to clear the bit connected to the latch and then set it whenever you just wanted to change it's display. but if not, you clear it, (to disable the latch).
DeleteMore about this on our next discussion :)
Thank you for the response Maam.. Appreciated much :)
DeleteThank you for the response Maam.. Appreciated much :)
DeleteMa'am DAA command adds 6 to the nibble if?
ReplyDeleteHi Kevin! DAA instruction adds 06 if Accumulator bits 3 through 0 are greater than nine (xxxx1010-xxxx1111), just to eliminate the letters (A-F) since in BCD format, it only acknowledges numbers from 0-9. If bits 4 through 7 are greater than nine, we add 60. Hope this helps!
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